I'm currently doing observations for my Master's program, and today I had to teach a class before a reviewer. My task was to introduce Sophocles and Ancient Greek theatre in 15 minutes or less and then have the students cooperatively read an abridged version of Oedipus Rex. The students are gearing up to read Antigone, which is set years after the Oedipus Story. The Oedipus story will hopefully build the students' background knowledge so that the themes and the content will be more readily apparent to them.
I have always been a lover of Ancient Greek literature. The first book that I ever bought with my allowance was Aesop's Fables. I was 8. And, when other kids were playing house, I was playing Artemis trying to turn my little brother into a deer, like Actaeon. It didn't work.
Diana of Versailles, on display at the Louvre
What can I say, I'm a nerd in pretty dresses.
So, to say that Sophocles is in my wheelhouse, is the understatement of the century; but, to pair down all of Greek theatre and culture to just a 15 minute lecture is no small feat...So I got help. I'm now obsessed: Enter
Playwrights in an Hour.
While looking for a version of the Theban plays with a really good "foreword," I stumbled across the book,
Sophocles in an Hour. Brilliant!

The book gives you insight to the playwright's life and accomplishments. For example, the book highlights Sophocles many civic duties, his role as a general, and his role as a priest, in addition to his playwriting. It provides background knowledge of the Greek theatre, who commissioned the theatre, how the actors were paid, who and how many actors played the parts, what their costumes may have looked like, and what their theatre, or skene may have been like. All of these things help provide context to the play, to the set, and to the culture that celebrated theatre as a religious and civic event. In addition to providing schematic context, the book also provides a wonderful historical context for the reader in its feature: "Sophocles in a Minute." This provides a brief but thorough timeline of events that take place during the playwright's long life of 90 years. I condensed and cited this list, adding a few pieces to give my students a historical backdrop for today's lesson.
Here's what they saw:
Age / Year (BCE)
Ò0 / 496 Sophocles
Ò6-16/ 490-480 Persian Wars: (Victory at Marathon, 300 at Thermopylae, Victory at Salamis)
Ò17 / 479 Greece becomes a democracy, trial by jury
Ò28 / 468 Sophocles wins 1st prize at Athens’ Dionysia with his play, Triptolemus
Ò35 / 461 Pericles takes power, beginning the golden age of Greek culture
Ò38 / 458 Sophocles adds third actor to the stage. Aeschylus adopts this and wins 1st prize for the Oresteia Trilogy
Ò47 / 449 Greece signs a peace treaty with Persian Ruler Xerxes I
Ò53 / 443 Sophocles’ Antigone wins drama critics’ award
Ò65 / 431 Peloponnesian War begins: Athens v Sparta for Greek dominance
Ò66 / 430 Devastating plague hits Athens
ÒSometime between 425 and 421, during Sophocles’ early 70s, he produces Electra, Oedipus Rex, Ajax, and Women of Trachis
Ò87 / 409 Sophocles’ Philoctetes wins 1st prize at Athens’ Dionysia
Ò90 / 406 Sophocles’ death
Ò-- / 409 Sophocles’ grandson produces Oedipus at Colonus, wins 1st prize at Dionysia
Ò-- / 399 Socrates is tried and killed in Athens
So????
The Breakdown
ÒGreece fights off invading Persians, implements jury trial and direct democracy, enters into the Golden Age of Athens, engages in a civil war for Greek dominance, overcomes a devastating plague, and produces the greatest philosophers of the Western World, both Socrates and Plato, during Sophocles’ lifetime. This all helps to form his worldview, just as your life experiences shape your own beliefs
ÒSophocles wins several awards at Athens’ most prestigious competition, the Dionysia, experiencing success from the age of 28, and even posthumously for works from his late 80s. He had a long, rich, and successful run, recognized as a great playwright during his lifetime and beyond.
As you can see, there's a lot going on during Sophocles' lifetime... So much that I would love to talk about: Socrates, Plato, the Good, The Persian invasion, Spartan v Athenian culture, etc, etc, etc. This timeline, though, really helps the reader gain perspective on the forces at play during that time, and, should the reader like to delve deeper, they now know what to look for. My students liked breaking this down and seeing how things with which they were somewhat familiar related to what we were studying. For example, I could reference the movie,
300, which was about the battle at Thermopylae against the Persian forces, and I could reference major names, like Plato, and Socrates, and show how philosophy and politics were presented in Greek theatre. All of this information helps build the background knowledge critical for comprehending Sophocles' plays.
The book also provides a brief breakdown, about 3 to 4 pages, on each play by the playwright, discussing major themes, the setting, and any controversial discussions in the academic world: With Oedipus Rex, the book explains the concept of hubris and claims that Oedipus is not guilty of hubris in the play, though many teachers pound this idea into the brains of their students. The author also say that Oedipus Rex is not a story of fate, but a story of personal responsibility once fate has played its part. It's truly an interesting and thought-provoking read, but best of all, you sit down at your favorite coffee shop, you open your book, and an hour later, you're a walking, talking Sophocles expert. Okay, maybe not an expert, but you will have the most critical content needed to understand the motivations and context that imbue meaning onto the text.
Playwrights in an Hour
books are designed in such a way that you can quickly read through them before seeing a play by any famous playwright. So far, there are Playwrights in an Hour books for 27 influential playwrights, but they are working on releasing 30 additional books. I of course want them all!
If you happen to pick one up, let me know what you think! I'm hooked!